Definition: The South Dakota state capital is Rapid City, located in the far western part of the state on the plains about 70 miles (113 km) north of the state's capital in Pierre. The official language is English, but it has Native American roots that have been incorporated into several dialects and phrases. South Dakota is one of nine states to allow for the use of an Indian treaty language by its schools. The state has a humid continental climate and is generally hot summers with cool winters. In places such as Rapid City, where the population is concentrated along the Great River, the temperature can exceed 100°F (38°C) at times in summer, often during high season for tourist travel. South Dakota experiences some of the driest and hottest conditions on earth. The state is made up of seven counties: Argus County, Bonanza County, Dakota County, Lowa County, Red Eagle County, Sheridan County, and Wallin County. The capital city also has a rich history in which it is often referred to as "The City of the Black Hills".